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(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1. O. A. BAGKSTROM.

UENTRIPUGAL LIQUID SEPARATOR. No. 358,587. Patented Mar. 1, 1887.

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OEN'IR-IFUGAL LIQUID SEPARATOR.

No. 358.587. PatentedMar. 1,1887.

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C. AXEL BAGKSTROM, OF TRENTON, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR TO THE BACK- STROM OENTRIFUGAL SEPARATOR COMPANY, .OF SAME PLACE.

CENTRIFUGAL LIQUlD SEPARATOR.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 358,587, dated March 1. 1887.

Application filed November 15, 1886. Serial No. 218,865.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, 0. AXEL BAOKSTROM, a citizen of the United States, residing at Trenton, in the county of Mercer, State of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Centrifugal Liquid-Separators, of which the following is a specification, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawings.

This invention has relation to centrifugal machines, and although hereinafter described as applied to the separation of cream .from milk I do not limit my invention to that or any other particular use.

The object of the invention is to provide a machine of the class described for the purpose of separating liquids into their constituent elements, so far as a mechanical separation thereof is concerned.

Other objects and advantages of my invention will be hereinafter described, and the novel features thereof will be particularly pointed out in the claims.

My invention in this instance has reference more particularly to the construction of the separating vessel or bowl of a separating-machine.

Referring to the drawings, Figure 1 is a substantially central vertical section of a separating vessel or bowl constructed in accordance with my invention, the section being taken on the line a: 00 of Fig. 2. Fig. 2 is a horizontal section on the line y of Fig. 1, and Figs. 3 and 4 are diagrams illustrating the mode of operation of my invention.

Like letters of reference refer to like parts in all the figures of the drawings.

Certain features of construction herein shown are not claimed, as they form the subjectmatter of other applications of mine, now pending and bearing the following serial numbers: 193,725, 205,288, 209,085, 213,866, and 214,653.

In centrifugal machines of the class described, and especially those shown in the applications mentioned, centrifugal force and the force of gravity are used in the operation of separating a liquid into its constituent elements. Heretofore centrifugal force has been the only means employed to effect the desired separation, except in my above-mentioned ap- (No model.)

plications, wherein,while the liquid is rapidly circulating, the force of gravity greatly facilitates the desired separation.

One of the principal objects of the present invention is to cause, by a particular construction of the separating vessel or bowl, a very rapid circulation of the liquid passing therethrough.

Referring to Figs. 1 and 2, A represents the separating vessel or bowl of a centrifugal machine, and it is illustrated as being constructed. with a central depending neck, A, which is provided with an upper discharge-port, A and a lower discharge-port, A. A central hub, A, serves the purpose of mounting the vessel or bowl upon aspindle, B, which is provided with the usual means for rotating the bowl.

0 represents asupply-vessel, which is se cured by a bolt or screw, 0, upon the hub, the screw passing into the end of the spindle.

O is the supply-pipe, extending from the supply-vessel radially.

A represents an imperforate vertical blade, vane, or partition, extending from the top to the bottom of the separating-chamber and pro jecting into the neck A thereof.

A represents vertical radial blades, vanes, or partitions projecting from the periphery toward the center of the bowl. These radial partitions A are each provided with a port, A], and the said ports are alternately arrangedthat is to say, a port A is arranged at the bottom of the first partition next to the parti- 8 tion A and the next port A is arranged at the top of the succeeding partition, and so on throughout the entire series, be their number more or less.

A deliverypipe, D, is arranged on the hot 0 tom of the vessel and extended down the neck thereof, so as to communicate with the lower outlet, A Said delivery-pipe Dis arranged at an opposite side of the partition A to that at which the supply-pipe O is located.

This being the construction, the operation is as follows: The milk, which is understood to be fresh, as it leaves the supply'vessel through the pipe 0, enters the compartment bounded by the imperforate partition A and :00-

the partition A, and passes from compartment to compartment of the bowl until it arrives at the discharge-port A, the quantity introduced being sufficient to fill the bowl. In each of the compartments the portion of the entire quantity of the milk contained therein is subjected to an action, the theory of which is illustrated in Fig. 3. Let the point marked Supply represent a small volume of the milk entering the compartment. Centrifugal force operates in a line indicated by the horizontal arrow, while the force of gravity operates in a line indicated by the vertical arrow, and the result is that the volume of milk is operated upon by the resultant of the two forces. The horizontal arrow represents a certain amount of centrifugal force and the vertical arrow represents also a certain amount of the force of gravity, while the diagonal arrow represents the resultant or the sum. of the two forces, and this resultant force is the force which in this instance accomplishes the separation of the liquid. Thus, I have proven that by introducing the force of live gravity I gain a force which is twice as effective as the centrifugal force alone.

The route which the liquid takes in passing through the vessel or bowl is figuratively illustrated by the solid line in Fig. 4, the dotted line representing the inner periphery of the cylinder laid out. At the points indicated by A the ports of the various partitions are supposed to be located, so that it will be seen that the liquid passes from the point of supply downwardly to the bottom of the partition A through its port, and upwardly to the top of the partition next succeeding, and so on, up and down until it arrives at the pipe D, through which it is delivered from the machine.

It will readily be understood that the more partitions there are used the longer will be the route or path of the liquid through the machine, and hence the greater rapidity of its passage therethrough. The peculiarity f the cream is that it takes care of itself and collects in the center of the machine, and is discharged through the port A".

Any ordinary suitable means for separately collecting the milk and cream may be employed.

In this art it is a common expedient to provide a separatingbowl with blades and equivalent devices, for the purpose of controlling or modifying the flowv of the liquid in or through the bowl. Curved blades or their equivalents have been provided to give motion to the liquid in the bowl .while it is revolving; again, a series of vertical blades has been provided which alternately terminate a distance from the top and bottom, respectively, of the bowl, for the purpose of causing an undulating progress or successive deflections in the path of the liquid as it moves through the bowl. A doubt exists in this instance as to whether. the blades abut against the vertical wall of the bowl, and therefore the definite direction which the liquid will take is also a matter of doubt. In the instance referred to was essayed the production of an undulating or reciprocating movement of the liquid while being treated. If such a result was or is attainable by the constructionjust mentioned, it is clear that the entire body of the liquid within the bowl musttakethe alleged undulatory direction of movement, and hence, in the application of such a construction to the separation of cream from milk, the former after separation must, in a measure, if not wholly, take the same undulatory course with the milk. In my construction the blades extend from the top completely to the bottom of the separating-bowl, and all but one of said blades are provided with a port arranged at the outer corner of the blade only, the successive ports being arranged alternately at the top and bottom of successive blades. It will be seen, therefore, that my construction difiers in having one imperforate blade and in restricting the port of each blade to less than the width of the blade, so that only the heavier constituent of the liquid is caused to take the undulative direction specified, and so that the cream when first separated is prevented from joining in said current, to be agitated or injuredin its fiber.

Having described my invention and its operation, what I claim isv 1. In a centrifugal machine, a separating vessel or bowl provided with a series of vertical blades, each extending from top to bottom, and all but one of which have a port, substantially as specified.

2. In a centrifugal machine, a separatingvessel or bowl provided with a series of vertical blades, each extendingfrom top to bottom, and all but one of which have aport located at an end diagonally opposite to the port of an adjacent blade, substantially as specified.

3. In, a centrifugal machine, a separating vessel or bowl provided with a series of vertical blades, each extending from, top to bottom and having ports located alternately at the tops and bottoms of the blades at their outer corners only, substantially as specified.

4. In a centrifugal machine, a separating vessel or bowl provided with a. series of vertical blades, each extending from top to bottom, and all but one of which have a port, in combination with. a supply-pipe and a delivery-pipe arranged at opposite sides of the imperforate blade, substantially as specified.

5. In a centrifugal machine, the separatingvessel A, provided with a supply -vessel, 0, andpipe C, an imperforate vertical blade,A

a series of vertical blades, Ai, having alternately-arranged ports A, a delivery-pipe, D, and delivery-ports A A, substantially as specified.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

G. AXEL BAGKSTROM.

\Vitnesses;

E. B. S'rooKINo, W. S. DUVALL. 

